Most environmentally friendly city

In 2022, Arcadis studied 100 global cities based on three dimensions (pillars) of sustainability: "People", "Planet" and "Profit" measured against 31 indicators to collate its biannual Sustainable Cities Index. These represent social, environmental and economic pillars of sustainability and offer an indicative picture of the health and wealth of cities for the present and the future. Each city receives a weighted score against the indicators which is then averaged across the three pillars. When it came to the environmental pillar ("Planet"), the top city was Norway's capital, Oslo, ahead of Paris, France, and Stockholm, Sweden (the latter having been No.1 in the previous 2018 index). Oslo was particularly praised for its green spaces, low air pollution and sustainable transport.

The top 10 cities in the "Planet" category for the 2022 Arcadis Sustainable Cities Index were as follows:

1. Oslo, Norway

2. Paris, France

3. Stockholm, Sweden

4. Copenhagen, Denmark

5. Berlin, Germany

6. London, UK

7. Tokyo, Japan

8. Antwerp, Belgium

9. Zurich, Switzerland

10. Rotterdam, Netherlands

Oslo also rated highly in the People and Profit pillars, meaning that it scooped the overall title of "most sustainable city" which in the previous 2018 index had been held by London, UK.