Most northerly inhabited place

The most northerly continuously inhabited place is the Canadian  Forces Station Alert on Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories, Canada which lies at 82º30'N, 62ºW. Set up in 1950, it is around 800 km (500 miles) from the Geographic North Pole, and was an important 'listening post' for spying on the former USSR (now Russia).

Interestingly, the base is closer to Stockholm in Sweden than to the nearest Canadian City, Edmonton.