First internal combustion electric railcar

The first internal combustion electric railcar was built by the North Eastern Railway in York, UK, in 1903. Numbered 3170, it was the first of two similar "Autocar" vehicles and is the only survivor today that operates on tourist and preserved historic railways. Built in 1903 as a "self-propelled carriage", the railcar was intended to use electric motors rather than less efficient steam engines. In order for the motor to run, the necessary electricity supply was generated on board the vehicle by a petrol-powered internal combustion engine. Both cars operated until 1931, when they were withdrawn from traffic – one was scrapped and the coach body of 3170 was used as a holiday home. It was rescued in 2006 and has been the subject of a comprehensive restoration programme including the construction of a new running underframe, complete with diesel engine and generator.

Acknowledged as the first passenger-carrying train powered by internal combustion/electric combination, is has deep significance in the history of the development of the modern rail vehicle. From it stems the concept of modern traction policies, the forerunner of diesel multiple units and locomotive practices.